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LTM8025 36V, 3A Step-Down Module Converter FEATURES
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DESCRIPTION
The LTM(R)8025 is a 36VIN, 3A step down Module(R) converter. Included in the package are the switching controller, power switches, inductor and all support components. Operating over an input voltage range of 3.6V to 36V, the LTM8025 supports an output voltage range of 0.8V to 24V and a switching frequency range of 200kHz to 2.4MHz, each set by a single resistor. Only the bulk input and output filter capacitors are needed to finish the design. The low profile package (4.32mm) enables utilization of unused space on the bottom of PC boards for high density point of load regulation. The LTM8025 is packaged in a thermally enhanced, compact (15mm x 9mm) and low profile (4.32mm) over-molded land grid array (LGA) package suitable for automated assembly by standard surface mount equipment. The LTM8025 is RoHS compliant.
L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Complete Step-Down Switch Mode Power Supply Wide Input Voltage Range: 3.6V to 36V Up to 3A Output Current Parallelable for Increased Output Current 0.8V to 24V Output Voltage Selectable Switching Frequency: 200kHz to 2.4MHz Current Mode Control (e4) RoHS Compliant Package with Gold Pad Finish Programmable Soft-Start Tiny, Low Profile (15mm x 9mm x 4.32mm) Surface Mount LGA Package
APPLICATIONS
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Automotive Battery Regulation Power for Portable Products Distributed Supply Regulation Industrial Supplies Wall Transformer Regulation
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Efficiency
100 VIN* 22V TO 36V 4.7F VIN RUN/SS LTM8025 SHARE RT 47.5k SYNC GND VOUT AUX EFFICIENCY(%) BIAS PGOOD ADJ 34.8k 50 *RUNNING VOLTAGE RANGE. PLEASE REFER TO APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SECTION FOR START-UP DETAILS 40 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 3000 22F 80 70 60 VOUT 12V AT 3A 90 VIN = 24V
8025 TA01a
8025 TA01b
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LTM8025 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note 1)
PIN CONFIGURATION
1 A B BANK 1 C D E BANK 2 F G H J BANK 3 K L VIN RUN/SS SYNC AUX BIAS RT SHARE PGOOD ADJ 2 3 4 5 6 GND 7 VOUT
VIN, RUN/SS Voltage.................................................36V ADJ, RT, SHARE Voltage .............................................6V VOUT, AUX .................................................................25V PGOOD, SYNC...........................................................30V BIAS ..........................................................................25V VIN + BIAS.................................................................56V Maximum Junction Temperature (Note 2) ............ 125C Solder Temperature............................................... 245C
LGA PACKAGE 70-PIN (15mm 9mm 4.32mm) TJMAX = 125C, JA = 24.4C/W, JC(BOTTOM) = 11.5C/W, JC(TOP) = 42.7C/W, JB = 18.7C/W VALUES DETERMINED PER JESD51-9, MAX OUTPUT POWER WEIGHT = 1.8 GRAMS
ORDER INFORMATION
LEAD FREE FINISH LTM8025EV#PBF LTM8025IV#PBF LTM8025MPV#PBF TRAY LTM8025EV#PBF LTM8025IV#PBF LTM8025MPV#PBF PART MARKING 8025V 8025V 8025MPV PACKAGE DESCRIPTION 70-Lead (15mm x 9mm x 4.32mm) LGA 70-Lead (15mm x 9mm x 4.32mm) LGA 70-Lead (15mm x 9mm x 4.32mm) LGA TEMPERATURE RANGE -40C to 125C -40C to 125C -55C to 125C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ This product is only offered in trays. For more information go to: http://www.linear.com/packaging/
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER Minimum Input Voltage Output DC Voltage Output DC Current Quiescent Current into VIN
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C. VIN = 12V, RUN/SS = 12V, BIAS = 3V unless otherwise noted. (Note 2)
CONDITIONS
l
MIN
TYP 0.8 24
MAX 3.6
UNITS V V V
0 < IOUT 3A; RADJ Open 0 < IOUT 3A; RADJ = 16.9k; VIN = 32V VOUT = 3.3V RUN/SS = 0V Not Switching BIAS = 0V, Not Switching RUN/SS = 0V Not Switching BIAS = 0V, Not Switching 5.5V < VIN < 36V, IOUT = 1A 0A < IOUT < 3A 0
3 0.01 25 85 0.01 65 0 0.3 0.4 1 60 150 0.5 120 5
A A A A A A A % %
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Quiescent Current into BIAS
Line Regulation Load Regulation
2
LTM8025 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER Output Voltage Ripple (RMS) Switching Frequency Voltage (at ADJ Pin) Current Out of ADJ Pin Minimum BIAS Voltage for Proper Operation RUN/SS Pin Current RUN Input High Voltage RUN Input Low Voltage PGOOD Threshold (at ADJ Pin) PGOOD Leakage Current PGOOD Sink Current SYNC Input Low Threshold SYNC Input High Threshold SYNC Bias Current VOUT Rising PGOOD = 30V PGOOD = 0.4V fSYNC = 550kHz fSYNC = 550kHz SYNC = 0V 0.7 0.1 200 710 0.1 700 0.5 1 RUN/SS = 2.5V 2.5 0.2 ADJ = 0V, VOUT = 1V RT = 45.3k
l
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C. VIN = 12V, RUN/SS = 12V, BIAS = 3V unless otherwise noted. (Note 2)
CONDITIONS 0A < IOUT < 3A 775 770 MIN TYP 10 775 790 2 2 5 2.8 10 805 810 MAX UNITS mV kHz mV mV A V A V V mV A A V V A
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: The LTM8025E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from 0C to 125C internal. Specifications over the full -40C to 125C internal operating temperature range are assured by design,
characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The LTM8025I is guaranteed to meet specifications over the full -40C to 125C internal operating temperature range. The LTM8025MP is guaranteed to meet specifications over the full -55C to 125C internal operating temperature range. Note that the maximum internal temperature is determined by specific operating conditions in conjunction with board layout, the rated package thermal resistance and other environmental factors.
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LTM8025 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
2.5VOUT Efficiency
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 0 500 5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 32VIN 1000 1500 2000 2500 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 0 500 5.5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 32VIN 1000 1500 2000 2500 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted.
3.3VOUT Efficiency
100 90 80 70 60 50 40
5VOUT Efficiency
EFFICIENCY(%)
EFFICIENCY(%)
EFFICIENCY(%)
12VIN 24VIN 32VIN 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G01
8025 G02
8025 G03
8VOUT Efficiency
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 0 500 12VIN 24VIN 32VIN 1000 1500 2000 2500 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
12VOUT Efficiency
100 90 80 70 60 50 40
18VOUT Efficiency
EFFICIENCY(%)
EFFICIENCY(%)
16VIN 24VIN 32VIN 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
EFFICIENCY(%)
24VIN 32VIN 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G04
8025 G05
8025 G06
Bias Current vs Load Current 2.5VOUT
25 12VIN 24VIN 30 25 BIAS CURRENT (mA) 20 15 10 5 0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G07
Bias Current vs Load Current 3.3VOUT
12VIN 24VIN 40 35 BIAS CURRENT (mA) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G08
Bias Current vs Load Current 5VOUT
12VIN 24VIN
20 BIAS CURRENT (mA)
15
10
5
0
0
1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
3000
8025 G09
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LTM8025 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Bias Current vs Load Current 8VOUT
80 70 BIAS CURRENT (mA) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G10
TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted. Bias Current vs Load Current 18VOUT
120 100 BIAS CURRENT (mA) 80 24VIN 60 40 20 0 0 500 1000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 1500
8025 G12
Bias Current vs Load Current 12VOUT
70 60 BIAS CURRENT (mA) 50 40 24VIN 30 20 10 0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G11
12VIN 24VIN
Input Current vs Load Current 2.5VOUT
2500 5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 32VIN 2500
Input Current vs Load Current 3.3VOUT
5.5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 32VIN 1600 1400 INPUT CURRENT (mA) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
Input Current vs Load Current 5VOUT
12VIN 24VIN 32VIN
2000 INPUT CURRENT (mA)
2000 INPUT CURRENT (mA)
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G13
0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G14
0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G15
Input Current vs Load Current 8VOUT
2500 12VIN 24VIN 32VIN INPUT CURRENT (mA) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G16
Input Current vs Load Current 12VOUT
16VIN 24VIN 32VIN INPUT CURRENT (mA) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G17
Input Current vs Load Current 18VOUT
24VIN 32VIN
2000 INPUT CURRENT (mA)
1500
1000
500
0
0
1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
3000
8025 G18
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LTM8025 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Input Current vs Input Voltage Output Shorted
600 500 INPUT CURRENT (mA) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 400 300 200 100 0 40 35 30 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 20 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 30
8025 G19
TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted. Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, 3.3VOUT
6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G21
Minimum Input Running Voltage vs VOUT, IOUT = 3A
TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
8025 G20
Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, 5VOUT
7.5 7.0 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G22
Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, 8VOUT
11.0 10.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G23
Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, 12VOUT
22 21 20 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G24
TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED
TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED
TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED
Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, 18VOUT
10 9 32 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, -3.3VOUT
TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G26
Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, -5VOUT
TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED
27
22
17
12 0
TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G25
0
1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
3000
8025 G27
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LTM8025 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, -8VOUT
20 TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G28
TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted. Minimum Input Voltage vs Negative VOUT
25 1A 2A 3A
Minimum Input Voltage vs Load Current, -12VOUT
TO RUN TO START RUN/SS CONTROLLED INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0 1000 2000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G29
15 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
20
15
10
10
5 5
0
0 0 -5 -10 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) -15
8025 G13
Junction Temperature Rise vs Load Current, 2.5VOUT
45 40 TEMPERATURE RISE (C) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
8025 G31
Junction Temperature Rise vs Load Current, 3.3VOUT
60 50 TEMPERATURE RISE (C) 40 30 20 10 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
8025 G32
Junction Temperature Rise vs Load Current, 5VOUT
50 45 TEMPERATURE RISE (C) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
8025 G33
5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 32VIN
5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 32VIN
12VIN 24VIN 32VIN
Junction Temperature Rise vs Load Current, 8VOUT
80 70 TEMPERATURE RISE (C) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
8025 G34
Junction Temperature Rise vs Load Current, 12VOUT
120 100 TEMPERATURE RISE (C) 80 60 40 20 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 3000
8025 G35
Junction Temperature Rise vs Load Current, 18VOUT
100 24VIN 32VIN
12VIN 24VIN 32VIN
16VIN 24VIN 32VIN TEMPERATURE RISE (C)
80
60
40
20
0 0 500 1000 1500 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 2000
8025 G36
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LTM8025 PIN FUNCTIONS
VOUT (Bank 1): Power Output Pins. Apply the output filter capacitor and the output load between these pins and GND pins. GND (Bank 2): Tie these GND pins to a local ground plane below the LTM8025 and the circuit components. In most applications, the bulk of the heat flow out of the LTM8025 is through these pads, so the printed circuit design has a large impact on the thermal performance of the part. See the PCB Layout and Thermal Considerations sections for more details. Return the feedback divider (RADJ) to this net. VIN (Bank 3): The VIN pin supplies current to the LTM8025's internal regulator and to the internal power switch. This pin must be locally bypassed with an external, low ESR capacitor; see Table 1 for recommended values. AUX (Pin G5): Low Current Voltage Source for BIAS. In many designs, the BIAS pin is simply connected to VOUT. The AUX pin is internally connected to VOUT and is placed adjacent to the BIAS pin to ease printed circuit board routing. Although this pin is internally connected to VOUT, it is not intended to deliver a high current, so do not draw current from this pin to the load. If this pin is not tied to BIAS, leave it floating. BIAS (Pin H5): The BIAS pin connects to the internal power bus. Connect to a power source greater than 2.8V and less than 25V. If the output is greater than 2.8V, connect this pin there. If the output voltage is less, connect this to a voltage source between 2.8V and 25V. Also, make sure that BIAS + VIN is less than 56V. RUN/SS (Pin L5): Pull the RUN/SS pin below 0.2V to shut down the LTM8025. Tie to 2.5V or more for normal operation. If the shutdown feature is not used, tie this pin to the VIN pin. RUN/SS also provides a soft-start function; see the Applications Information section. SYNC (Pin L6): This is the external clock synchronization input. Ground this pin for low ripple Burst Mode operation at low output loads. Tie to a stable voltage source greater than 0.7V to disable Burst Mode operation. Do not leave this pin floating. Tie to a clock source for synchronization. Clock edges should have rise and fall times faster than 1s. See the Synchronization section in Applications Information. RT (Pin G7): The RT pin is used to program the switching frequency of the LTM8025 by connecting a resistor from this pin to ground. Table 2 gives the resistor values that correspond to the resultant switching frequency. Minimize the capacitance at this pin. SHARE (Pin H7): Tie this to the SHARE pin of another LTM8025 when paralleling the outputs. Otherwise, do not connect. PGOOD (Pin J7): The PGOOD pin is the open-collector output of an internal comparator. PGOOD remains low until the ADJ pin is within 10% of the final regulation voltage. PGOOD output is valid when VIN is above 3.6V and RUN/SS is high. If this function is not used, leave this pin floating. ADJ (Pin K7): The LTM8025 regulates its ADJ pin to 0.79V. Connect the adjust resistor from this pin to ground. The value of RADJ is given by the equation RADJ = 394.21/(VOUT - 0.79), where RADJ is in k.
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LTM8025 BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN 8.2H 499k 0.2F 15pF 4.4F AUX VOUT
BIAS
RUN/SS CURRENT MODE CONTROLLER
SHARE
SYNC
GND
RT
PGOOD
ADJ
8025 BD
OPERATION
The LTM8025 is a standalone nonisolated step-down switching DC/DC power supply that can deliver up to 3A of output current. This module provides a precisely regulated output voltage programmable via one external resistor from 0.8V to 25V. The input voltage range is 3.6V to 36V. Given that the LTM8025 is a step-down converter, make sure that the input voltage is high enough to support the desired output voltage and load current. As shown in the Block Diagram, the LTM8025 contains a current mode controller, power switching element, power inductor, power Schottky diode and a modest amount of input and output capacitance. The LTM8025 is a fixed frequency PWM regulator. The switching frequency is set by simply connecting the appropriate resistor value from the RT pin to GND. An internal regulator provides power to the control circuitry. The bias regulator normally draws power from the VIN pin, but if the BIAS pin is connected to an external voltage higher than 2.8V, bias power will be drawn from the external source (typically the regulated output voltage). This improves efficiency. The RUN/SS pin is used to place the LTM8025 in shutdown, disconnecting the output and reducing the input current to less than 1A. To further optimize efficiency, the LTM8025 automatically switches to Burst Mode(R) operation in light load situations. Between bursts, all circuitry associated with controlling the output switch is shut down reducing the input supply current to 50A in a typical application. The oscillator reduces the LTM8025's operating frequency when the voltage at the ADJ pin is low. This frequency foldback helps to control the output current during startup and overload. The LTM8025 contains a power good comparator which trips when the ADJ pin is at roughly 90% of its regulated value. The PGOOD output is an open-collector transistor that is off when the output is in regulation, allowing an external resistor to pull the PGOOD pin high. Power good is valid when the LTM8025 is enabled and VIN is above 3.6V. The LTM8025 is equipped with a thermal shutdown that will inhibit power switching at high junction temperatures. The activation threshold of this function, however, is above 125C to avoid interfering with normal operation. Thus, prolonged or repetitive operation under a condition in which the thermal shutdown activates may damage or impair the reliability of the device.
Burst Mode is a registered trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
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LTM8025 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
For most applications, the design process is straight forward, summarized as follows: 1. Look at Table 1 and find the row that has the desired input range and output voltage. 2. Apply the recommended CIN, COUT, RADJ and RT values. 3. Connect BIAS as indicated. While these component combinations have been tested for proper operation, it is incumbent upon the user to verify proper operation over the intended system's line, load and environmental conditions. Bear in mind that the maximum output current is limited by junction temperature, the relationship between the input and output voltage magnitude and polarity and other factors. Please refer to the graphs in the Typical Performance Characteristics section for guidance. The maximum frequency (and attendant RT value) at which the LTM8025 should be allowed to switch is given in Table 1 in the fMAX column, while the recommended frequency (and RT value) for optimal efficiency over the given input condition is given in the fOPTIMAL column. There are additional conditions that must be satisfied if the synchronization function is used. Please refer to the Synchronization section for details. Capacitor Selection Considerations The CIN and COUT capacitor values in Table 1 are the minimum recommended values for the associated operating conditions. Applying capacitor values below those indicated in Table 1 is not recommended, and may result in undesirable operation. Using larger values is generally acceptable, and can yield improved dynamic response, if it is necessary. Again, it is incumbent upon the user to verify proper operation over the intended system's line, load and environmental conditions. Ceramic capacitors are small, robust and have very low ESR. However, not all ceramic capacitors are suitable. X5R and X7R types are stable over temperature and applied voltage and give dependable service. Other types, including Y5V and Z5U have very large temperature and voltage coefficients of capacitance. In an application circuit they may have only a small fraction of their nominal capacitance resulting in much higher output voltage ripple than expected. Ceramic capacitors are also piezoelectric. In Burst Mode operation, the LTM8025's switching frequency depends on the load current, and can excite a ceramic capacitor at audio frequencies, generating audible noise. Since the LTM8025 operates at a lower current limit during Burst Mode operation, the noise is typically very quiet to a casual ear. If this audible noise is unacceptable, use a high performance electrolytic capacitor at the output. It may also be a parallel combination of a ceramic capacitor and a low cost electrolytic capacitor. A final precaution regarding ceramic capacitors concerns the maximum input voltage rating of the LTM8025. A ceramic input capacitor combined with trace or cable inductance forms a high Q (under damped) tank circuit. If the LTM8025 circuit is plugged into a live supply, the input voltage can ring to twice its nominal value, possibly exceeding the device's rating. This situation is easily avoided; see the Hot-Plugging Safely section. Frequency Selection The LTM8025 uses a constant frequency PWM architecture that can be programmed to switch from 200kHz to 2.4MHz by using a resistor tied from the RT pin to ground. Table 2 provides a list of RT resistor values and their resultant frequencies.
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LTM8025 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Table 1: Recommended Component Values and Configuration (TA = 25C)
VIN 3.6V to 36V 3.6V to 36V 3.6V to 36V 4.1V to 36V 5.3V to 36V 7.5V to 36V 10.5V to 36V 16V to 36V 23V to 36V 31V to 36V 3.6V to 15V 3.6V to 15V 3.6V to 15V 4.1V to 15V 5.3V to 15V 7.5V to 15V 10.5V to 15V 9V to 24V 9V to 24V 9V to 24V 9V to 24V 9V to 24V 9V to 24V 10.5V to 24V 16V to 24V 23V to 24V 18V to 36V 18V to 36V 18V to 36V 18V to 36V 18V to 36V 18V to 36V 18V to 36V 18V to 36V 7V to 31V 15V to 28V 20V to 24V VOUT 0.8V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5V 8V 12V 18V 24V 0.8V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5V 8V 0.8V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5V 8V 12V 18V 0.8V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5V 8V 12V -5V -8V -12V CIN 10F 50V, 1210 , 10F 50V, 1210 , 10F 50V, 1210 , 4.7F 50V, 1206 , 4.7F 50V, 1206 , 4.7F 50V, 1206 , 4.7F 50V, 1206 , 2.2F 50V, 1206 , 2.2F 50V, 1206 , 1F 50V, 1206 , 10F 25V, 1210 , 10F 25V, 1210 , 10F 25V, 1210 , 4.7F 16V, 1206 , 4.7F 16V, 1206 , 4.7F 16V, 1206 , 2.2V, 25V, 1206 4.7F 25V, 1206 , 4.7F 25V, 1206 , 4.7F 25V, 1206 , 4.7F 25V, 1206 , 4.7F 25V, 1206 , 4.7F 25V, 1206 , 2.2F 25V, 1206 , 2.2F 50V, 1206 , 2.2F 50V, 1206 , 1F 50V, 1206 , 1F 50V, 1206 , 1F 50V, 1206 , 1F 50V, 1206 , 1F 50V, 1206 , 1F 50V, 1206 , 2.2F 50V, 1206 , 2.2F 50V, 1206 , 4.7F 50V, 1206 , 4.7F 50V, 1206 , 4.7F 50V, 1206 , 4.7F 50V, 1206 , COUT 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 3x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 2x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 100F 6.3V, 1206 , 47F 16V, 1210 , 22F 16V, 1210 , 22F 25V, 1812 , 22F 25V, 1812 , 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 2x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 100F 6.3V, 1206 , 100F 6.3V, 1206 , 47F 16V, 1210 , 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 3x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 100F 6.3V, 1206 , 100F 6.3V, 1206 , 47F 16V, 1210 , 22F 16V, 1210 , 22F 16V, 1210 , 22F 25V, 1812 , 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 4x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 3x 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 100F 6.3V, 1206 , 100F 6.3V, 1206 , 47F 16V, 1210 , 22F 16V, 1210 , 22F 16V, 1210 , 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 100F 6.3V, 1210 , 47F 16V, 1210 , 22F 16V, 1210 , RADJ Open 549k 383k 226k 154k 93.1k 54.9k 34.8k 22.6k 16.5k Open 549k 383k 226k 154k 93.1k 54.9k Open 549k 383k 226k 154k 93.1k 54.9k 34.8k 22.6k Open 549k 383k 226k 154k 93.1k 54.9k 34.8k 154k 93.1k 54.9k 34.8k BIAS 2.8V to 25V 2.8V to 25V 2.8V to 25V 2.8V to 25V AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX 2.8V to 25V VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX 2.8V to 25V 2.8V to 25V 2.8V to 25V 2.8V to 25V AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX fOPTIMAL 230kHz 270kHz 285kHz 300kHz 345kHz 425kHz 550kHz 760kHz 800kHz 1MHz 230kHz 270kHz 285kHz 300kHz 345kHz 425kHz 550kHz 270kHz 310kHz 330kHz 345kHz 425kHz 500kHz 590kHz 760kHz 800kHz 230kHz 270kHz 300kHz 345kHz 385kHz 500kHz 550kHz 760kHz 345kHz 425kHz 550kHz 760kHz RT(OPTIMAL) 182k 154k 147k 137k 118k 93.1k 69.8k 47.5k 44.2k 34k 182k 154k 147k 137k 118k 93.1k 69.8k 154k 133k 124k 118k 93.1k 76.8k 64.9k 47.5k 44.2k 182k 154k 137k 118k 105k 76.8k 69.8k 47.5k 118k 93.1k 69.8k 47.5k fMAX 250kHz 360kHz 420kHz 540kHz 675kHz 950kHz 1.45MHz 2.3MHz 2.4MHz 2.4MHz 575kHz 840kHz 1.0MHz 1.3MHz 1.6MHz 2.4MHz 2.4MHz 360kHz 550kHz 620kHz 800kHz 1MHz 1.4MHz 2.2MHz 2.3MHz 2.4MHz 250kHz 360kHz 420kHz 540kHz 675kHz 950kHz 1.45MHz 2.3MHz 675kHz 950kHz 1.45MHz 2.3MHz RT(MIN) 169k 113k 95.3k 71.5k 54.9k 36.5k 20.5k 9.09k 8.25k 8.25k 66.5k 42.2k 34k 23.7k 17.8k 8.25k 8.25k 113k 69.8k 60.4k 44.2k 34k 21.5k 9.76k 9.09k 8.25k 169k 113k 95.3k 71.5k 54.9k 36.5k 20.5k 9.09k 54.9k 36.5k 20.5k 9.09k
4.75V to 32V -3.3V
Note: An input bulk capacitance is required. Do not allow VIN + BIAS to exceed 56V. Refer to the Typical Performance Characteristics section for load conditions.
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11
LTM8025 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Table 2. Switching Frequency vs RT Value
SWITCHING FREQUENCY 0.2MHz 0.3MHz 0.4MHz 0.5MHz 0.6MHz 0.7MHz 0.8MHz 0.9MHz 1MHz 1.2MHz 1.4MHz 1.6MHz 1.8MHz 2MHz 2.2MHz 2.4MHz RT VALUE 215k 137k 100k 76.8k 63.4k 52.3k 44.2k 38.3k 34.0k 26.7k 21.5k 17.8k 14.7k 12.1k 9.76k 8.25k
dependent upon many factors, such as load current, input voltage, output voltage and switching frequency, but 4V to 5V works well in many applications. In all cases, ensure that the maximum voltage at the BIAS pin is less than 25V and that the sum of VIN and BIAS is less than 56V. If BIAS power is applied from a remote or noisy voltage source, it may be necessary to apply a decoupling capacitor locally to the pin. Load Sharing Two or more LTM8025's may be paralleled to produce higher currents. To do this, tie the VIN, ADJ, VOUT and SHARE pins of all the paralleled LTM8025's together. To ensure that paralleled modules start up together, the RUN/SS pins may be tied together, as well. If the RUN/SS pins are not tied together, make sure that the same valued soft-start capacitors are used for each module. Current sharing can be improved by synchronizing the LTM8025s. An example of two LTM8025s configured for load sharing is given in the Typical Applications section. Burst Mode Operation To enhance efficiency at light loads, the LTM8025 automatically switches to Burst Mode operation which keeps the output capacitor charged to the proper voltage while minimizing the input quiescent current. During Burst Mode operation, the LTM8025 delivers single cycle bursts of current to the output capacitor followed by sleep periods where the output power is delivered to the load by the output capacitor. In addition, VIN and BIAS quiescent currents are each reduced to microamps during the sleep time. As the load current decreases towards a no load condition, the percentage of time that the LTM8025 operates in sleep mode increases and the average input current is greatly reduced, resulting in higher efficiency. Burst Mode operation is enabled by tying SYNC to GND. To disable Burst Mode operation, tie SYNC to a stable voltage above 0.7V. Do not leave the SYNC pin floating. Minimum Input Voltage The LTM8025 is a step-down converter, so a minimum amount of headroom is required to keep the output in regulation. In addition, the input voltage required to turn
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Operating Frequency Tradeoffs It is recommended that the user apply the optimal RT value given in Table 1 for the input and output operating condition. System level or other considerations, however, may necessitate another operating frequency. While the LTM8025 is flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of operating frequencies, a haphazardly chosen one may result in undesirable operation under certain operating or fault conditions. A frequency that is too high can reduce efficiency, generate excessive heat or even damage the LTM8025 if the output is overloaded or short circuited. A frequency that is too low can result in a final design that has too much output ripple or too large of an output capacitor. BIAS Pin Considerations The BIAS pin is used to provide drive power for the internal power switching stage and operate other internal circuitry. For proper operation, it must be powered by at least 2.8V. If the output voltage is programmed to 2.8V or higher, BIAS may be simply tied to AUX. If VOUT is less than 2.8V, BIAS can be tied to VIN or some other voltage source. If the BIAS pin voltage is too high, the efficiency of the LTM8025 may suffer. The optimum BIAS voltage is
12
LTM8025 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
on is higher than that required to run, and depends upon whether the RUN/SS is used. As shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics section, the minimum input voltage to run a 3.3V output at light load is only about 3.6V, but, if the RUN/SS is pulled up to VIN, it takes 5.5VIN to start. If the LTM8025 is enabled with the RUN/SS pin, the minimum voltage to start at light loads is lower, about 4.3V. Similar curves detailing this behavior of the LTM8025 for other outputs are also included in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. Soft-Start The RUN/SS pin can be used to soft-start the LTM8025, reducing the maximum input current during start-up. The RUN/SS pin is driven through an external RC filter to create a voltage ramp at this pin. Figure 1 shows the start-up and shutdown waveforms with the soft-start circuit. By choosing an appropriate RC time constant, the peak startup current can be reduced to the current that is required to regulate the output, with no overshoot. Choose the value of the resistor so that it can supply at least 20A when the RUN/SS pin reaches 2.5V. to the load under fault. During the start-up time, frequency foldback is also active to limit the energy delivered to the potentially large output capacitance of the load. Synchronization The internal oscillator of the LTM8025 can be synchronized by applying an external 250kHz to 2MHz clock to the SYNC pin. Do not leave this pin floating. When synchronizing the LTM8025, select an RT resistor value that corresponds to an operating frequency 20% lower than the intended synchronization frequency (see the Frequency Selection section). In addition to synchronization, the SYNC pin controls Burst Mode behavior. If the SYNC pin is driven by an external clock, or pulled up above 0.7V, the LTM8025 will not enter Burst Mode operation, but will instead skip pulses to maintain regulation instead. Shorted Input Protection Care needs to be taken in systems where the output will be held high when the input to the LTM8025 is absent. This may occur in battery charging applications or in battery backup systems where a battery or some other supply is diode ORed with the LTM8025's output. If the VIN pin is allowed to float and the SHDN pin is held high (either by a logic signal or because it is tied to VIN), then the LTM8025's internal circuitry will pull its quiescent current through its internal power switch. This is fine if your system can tolerate a few milliamps in this state. If you ground the SHDN pin, the SW pin current will drop to essentially zero. However, if the VIN pin is grounded while the output is held high, then parasitic diodes inside the LTM8025 can pull large currents from the output through the VIN pin. Figure 2 shows a circuit that will run only when the input voltage is present and that protects against a shorted or reversed input. PCB Layout Most of the headaches associated with PCB layout have been alleviated or even eliminated by the high level of integration of the LTM8025. The LTM8025 is nevertheless a switching power supply, and care must be taken to minimize EMI and ensure proper operation. Even with the
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RUN 15k RUN/SS 0.22F RUN IL 1A/DIV
VRUN/SS 2V/DIV
VOUT 2V/DIV
2ms/DIV
8025 F01
Figure 1. To Soft-Start the LTM8025, Add a Resistor and Capacitor to the RUN/SS Pin
Frequency Foldback The LTM8025 is equipped with frequency foldback which acts to reduce the thermal and energy stress on the internal power elements during a short circuit or output overload condition. If the LTM8025 detects that the output has fallen out of regulation, the switching frequency is reduced as a function of how far the output is below the target voltage. This in turn limits the amount of energy that can be delivered
13
LTM8025 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
VIN VIN RUN/SS LTM8025 RT SYNC GND VOUT AUX BIAS
AUX GND PGOOD GND RT RADJ
VOUT
might use very small via holes. It should employ more thermal vias than a board that uses larger holes.
ADJ
8025 F02
SYNC SHDN VOUT VIN BIAS
Figure 2. The Input Diode Prevents a Shorted Input from Discharging a Backup Battery Tied to the Output. It Also Protects the Circuit from a Reversed Input. The LTM8025 Runs Only When the Input is Present.
high level of integration, you may fail to achieve specified operation with a haphazard or poor layout. See Figure 3 for a suggested layout. Ensure that the grounding and heatsinking are acceptable. 1. Place the RADJ and RT resistors as close as possible to their respective pins. 2. Place the CIN capacitor as close as possible to the VIN and GND connection of the LTM8025. 3. Place the COUT capacitor as close as possible to the VOUT and GND connection of the LTM8025. 4. Place the CIN and COUT capacitors such that their ground current flow directly adjacent or underneath the LTM8025. 5. Connect all of the GND connections to as large a copper pour or plane area as possible on the top layer. Avoid breaking the ground connection between the external components and the LTM8025. 6. For good heatsinking, use vias to connect the GND copper area to the board's internal ground planes. Liberally distribute these GND vias to provide both a good ground connection and thermal path to the internal planes of the printed circuit board. Pay attention to the location and density of the thermal vias in Figure 3. The LTM8025 can benefit from the heat-sinking afforded by vias that connect to internal GND planes at these locations, due to their proximity to internal power handling components. The optimum number of thermal vias depends upon the printed circuit board design. For example, a board
COUT
CIN
GND THERMAL VIAS TO GND
8025 F03
Figure 3. Layout Showing Suggested External Components, GND Plane and Thermal Vias.
Hot-Plugging Safely The small size, robustness and low impedance of ceramic capacitors make them an attractive option for the input bypass capacitor of LTM8025. However, these capacitors can cause problems if the LTM8025 is plugged into a live supply (see Linear Technology Application Note 88 for a complete discussion). The low loss ceramic capacitor combined with stray inductance in series with the power source forms an underdamped tank circuit, and the voltage at the VIN pin of the LTM8025 can ring to more than twice the nominal input voltage, possibly exceeding the LTM8025's rating and damaging the part. If the input supply is poorly controlled or the user will be plugging the LTM8025 into an energized supply, the input network should be designed to prevent this overshoot. This can be accomplished by installing a small resistor in series to VIN, but the most popular method of controlling input voltage overshoot is to add an electrolytic bulk capacitor to the VIN net. This capacitor's relatively high equivalent series resistance damps the circuit and eliminates the voltage overshoot. The extra capacitor improves low frequency ripple filtering and can slightly improve the efficiency of the circuit, though it is likely to be the largest component in the circuit.
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14
LTM8025 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Thermal Considerations The LTM8025 output current may need to be derated if it is required to operate in a high ambient temperature or deliver a large amount of continuous power. The amount of current derating is dependent upon the input voltage, output power and ambient temperature. The temperature rise curves given in the Typical Performance Characteristics section can be used as a guide. These curves were generated by a LTM8025 mounted to a 58cm2 4-layer FR4 printed circuit board. Boards of other sizes and layer count can exhibit different thermal behavior, so it is incumbent upon the user to verify proper operation over the intended system's line, load and environmental operating conditions. The junction to air and junction to board thermal resistances given in the Pin Configuration diagram may also be used to estimate the LTM8025 internal temperature. These thermal coefficients are determined for maximum output power per JESD 51-9 "JEDEC Standard, Test Boards for Area Array Surface Mount Package Thermal Measurements" through analysis and physical correlation. Bear in mind that the actual thermal resistance of the LTM8025 to the printed circuit board depends upon the design of the circuit board. The die temperature of the LTM8025 must be lower than the maximum rating of 125C, so care should be taken in the layout of the circuit to ensure good heat sinking of the LTM8025. The bulk of the heat flow out of the LTM8025 is through the bottom of the module and the LGA pads into the printed circuit board. Consequently a poor printed circuit board design can cause excessive heating, resulting in impaired performance or reliability. Please refer to the PCB Layout section for printed circuit board design suggestions. The LTM8025 is equipped with a thermal shutdown that will inhibit power switching at high junction temperatures. The activation threshold of this function, however, is above 125C to avoid interfering with normal operation. Thus, it follows that prolonged or repetitive operation under a condition in which the thermal shutdown activates necessarily means that the internal components are subjected to temperatures above the 125C rating for prolonged or repetitive intervals, which may damage or impair the reliability of the device. Finally, be aware that at high ambient temperatures the internal Schottky diode will have significant leakage current increasing the quiescent current of the LTM8025.
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15
LTM8025 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
1.8V Step-Down Converter
VIN 3.6V TO 24V 10F VIN RUN/SS BIAS SHARE RT 147k SYNC GND LTM8025 PGOOD ADJ 383k VOUT AUX VOUT 1.8V AT 3A 300F
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2.5V Step-Down Converter
VIN* 4.1V TO 36V 4.7F 3.3V VIN RUN/SS BIAS SHARE RT 137k SYNC GND LTM8025 PGOOD ADJ 226k VOUT AUX VOUT 2.5V AT 3A 200F
*RUNNING VOLTAGE RANGE. PLEASE REFER TO APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SECTION FOR START-UP DETAILS
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3.3V Step-Down Converter
VIN* 5.5V TO 36V 4.7F VIN RUN/SS LTM8025 SHARE RT 118k SYNC GND VOUT AUX BIAS PGOOD ADJ 154k 100F VOUT 3.3V AT 3A
*RUNNING VOLTAGE RANGE. PLEASE REFER TO APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SECTION FOR START-UP DETAILS
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8V Step-Down Converter
VIN* 11V TO 36V 4.7F VIN RUN/SS LTM8025 SHARE RT 69.8k SYNC GND VOUT AUX BIAS PGOOD ADJ 54.9k 47F VOUT 8V AT 3A
*RUNNING VOLTAGE RANGE. PLEASE REFER TO APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SECTION FOR START-UP DETAILS
8025 TA05
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16
LTM8025 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
-5V Negative Output Converter
VIN* 7.5V TO 30V 4.7F VIN RUN/SS LTM8025 SHARE RT 93.1k SYNC GND VOUT AUX BIAS PGOOD ADJ 93.1k VOUT -5V AT 2A *RUNNING VOLTAGE RANGE. PLEASE REFER TO APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SECTION FOR START-UP DETAILS
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100F
Two LTM8025s in Paralel, 2.5V at 5.5A
VIN* 4.1V TO 36V VIN RUN/SS LTM8025 SHARE 2.2F RT 137k SYNC GND ADJ 113k VOUT AUX BIAS PGOOD 3V VOUT 2.5V AT 5.6A
OPTIONAL SYNC VIN RUN/SS LTM8025 SHARE 2.2F RT 137k SYNC GND ADJ VOUT AUX BIAS PGOOD 300F
*RUNNING VOLTAGE RANGE. PLEASE REFER TO APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SECTION FOR START-UP DETAILS NOTE: SYNCHRONIZE THE TWO MODULES TO AVOID BEAT FREQUENCIES, IF NECESSARY. OTHERWISE, TIE EACH SYNC TO GND
8025 TA07
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17
LTM8025
Z
// bbb Z
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
6.350
5.080
3.810
2.540
1.270
0.000
1.270
2.540
3.810
5.080
3.810 DETAIL A
2.540
1.270
6.350
18
LGA Package 70-Lead (15mm x 9mm x 4.32mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1817 Rev O)
DETAIL A 12.70 BSC 7 6 SUBSTRATE 7.62 BSC 5 4 3 1.27 BSC 2 1 aaa Z PADS SEE NOTES L K J H 3 DETAIL B 0.635 0.025 SQ. 70x eee S X Y G F E D C B A C(0.30) PAD 1 MOLD CAP X Y 4.22 - 4.42 0.27 - 0.37 3.95 - 4.05 DETAIL B 9 BSC
aaa Z
15 BSC
PAD 1 CORNER
4
PACKAGE TOP VIEW
PACKAGE BOTTOM VIEW
NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 3 4 LAND DESIGNATION PER JESD MO-222, SPP-010
LTMXXXXXX Module
COMPONENT PAD "A1"
0.000
1.270
2.540
3.810
DETAILS OF PAD #1 IDENTIFIER ARE OPTIONAL, BUT MUST BE LOCATED WITHIN THE ZONE INDICATED. THE PAD #1 IDENTIFIER MAY BE EITHER A MOLD OR MARKED FEATURE
SUGGESTED PCB LAYOUT TOP VIEW
5. PRIMARY DATUM -Z- IS SEATING PLANE 6. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PADS: 70 SYMBOL TOLERANCE 0.15 aaa 0.10 bbb 0.05 eee
TRAY PIN 1 BEVEL PACKAGE IN TRAY LOADING ORIENTATION
LGA 70 1007 REV O
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LTM8025 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
Pin Assignment Table (Arranged by Pin Number)
PIN NAME A1 VOUT A2 VOUT A3 VOUT A4 VOUT A5 GND A6 GND A7 GND PIN NAME B1 VOUT B2 VOUT B3 VOUT B4 VOUT B5 GND B6 GND B7 GND PIN NAME C1 VOUT C2 VOUT C3 VOUT C4 VOUT C5 GND C6 GND C7 GND PIN NAME D1 VOUT D2 VOUT D3 VOUT D4 VOUT D5 GND D6 GND D7 GND PIN NAME E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 GND GND GND GND GND GND GND PIN NAME F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 GND GND GND GND GND GND GND
PIN NAME G1 GND G2 GND G3 GND G4 GND G5 AUX G6 GND G7 RT
PIN NAME H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 BIAS H6 GND H7 SHARE
PIN NAME J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 VIN VIN VIN GND GND PGOOD
PIN NAME K1 VIN K2 VIN K3 VIN K4 K5 GND K6 GND K7 ADJ
PIN NAME L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 VIN VIN VIN RUN/SS SYNC GND
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Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
19
LTM8025 PACKAGE PHOTOGRAPH
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER LTM4600/LTM4602 LTM4601/LTM4603 LTM4604 LTM4606 LTM8020 LTM8022 LTM8023 DESCRIPTION 10A and 6A DC/DC Module 12A and 6A DC/DC Module 4A, Low VIN DC/DC Module Low EMI 6A, 28V DC/DC Module 200mA, 36V DC/DC Module 1A, 36V DC/DC Module 2A, 36V DC/DC Module COMMENTS Pin Compatible, 4.5V VIN 28V, 15mm x 15mm x 2.8mm LGA Package Pin Compatible; Remote Sensing; PLL, Tracking and Margining, 4.5V VIN 28V 2.375V VIN 5.5V, 0.8V VOUT 5V, 9mm x 15mm x 2.3mm LGA Package 4.5V VIN 28V, 0.6V VOUT 5V, 15mm x 15mm x 2.8mm LGA Package 4V VIN 36V, 1.25V VOUT 5V, 6.25mm x 6.25mm x 2.32mm LGA Package 3.6V VIN 36V, 0.8V VOUT 10V, 11.25mm x 9mm x 2.82mm LGA Package 3.6V VIN 36V, 0.8V VOUT 10V, 11.25mm x 9mm x 2.82mm, LGA Package
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20 Linear Technology Corporation
(408) 432-1900
LT 0709 * PRINTED IN USA
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
FAX: (408) 434-0507 www.linear.com
(c) LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2009

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